Thailand–Cambodia border conflict
A long-running border dispute became five days of fighting in July 2025, then about 20 days of heavier combat in December 2025 with air strikes and rocket fire. A ceasefire signed on 27 December 2025 has largely held through 2026, but troops stay deployed and border demarcation talks remain stuck.
Conflict zones
Click a shape for details and sourcesZones, lines of contact and strike arcs are approximate and illustrative, drawn from public reporting. They are not authoritative; click a shape for its sources. Borders from Natural Earth, with Crimea shown as part of Ukraine in line with UN General Assembly resolution 68/262.
Key facts
Human cost
- 100 reportedAl Jazeera as of 27 Dec 2025December 2025 round only (20 days), both countries; reported as 'more than 100'
- 101 reportedCNBC as of 27 Dec 2025December 2025 round only, both countries; 'at least 101'
- 500,000 reportedAl Jazeera as of 27 Dec 2025More than half a million displaced in both countries during the December 2025 fighting (temporary)
- 20,000 reportedThe Star (Malaysia) as of 24 Jul 2026Cambodians still displaced as of July 2026, per Cambodian PM ('over 20,000')
- 533,516 reportedUNHCR Refugee Data Finder (API, end-2025) as of 31 Dec 2025refugees, asylum-seekers, IDPs and others in need of protection from THA, KHM; UNHCR end-2025
- reportedACLED aggregated data, up to week of 24 Oct 2026 as of 24 Oct 2026
Parties and actors
- Royal Thai Armed Forces State armed forces · aligned with Thailand
- Royal Cambodian Armed Forces State armed forces · aligned with Cambodia
Parties are listed factually by name and role. Inclusion does not imply any judgement.
Negotiations
Negotiations hub- Parties
- Thailand, Cambodia
- Mediators
- ASEAN (monitoring)
- Last development
- 27 Dec 2025
Defence ministers agreed to stop fighting, freeze troop positions and avoid attacks on civilians, with ASEAN observers monitoring. It replaced the July 2025 truce and October 2025 Kuala Lumpur accord, which broke down.
Al Jazeera as of 27 Dec 2025- Parties
- Thailand, Cambodia
- Mediators
- Philippines (ASEAN chair)
- Last development
- 24 Jul 2026
The prime ministers met at the May 2026 ASEAN summit and agreed to confidence-building steps. Cambodia keeps urging Thailand to restart the Joint Boundary Commission, while a separate maritime dispute adds friction.
The Star (Malaysia) as of 24 Jul 2026Trend: events and reported fatalities by month
Show data table
| Month | Events | Fatalities |
|---|---|---|
| Oct 2026 | 1 | 0 |
| Aug 2026 | 1 | 0 |
| Jul 2026 | 2 | 0 |
| May 2026 | 1 | 0 |
| Feb 2026 | 3 | 0 |
| Jan 2026 | 3 | 0 |
| Dec 2025 | 140 | 26 |
| Nov 2025 | 3 | 1 |
| Sep 2025 | 1 | 0 |
| Aug 2025 | 3 | 0 |
| Jul 2025 | 34 | 32 |
| May 2025 | 1 | 1 |
| May 2023 | 1 | 1 |
| May 2022 | 1 | 0 |
| Apr 2022 | 1 | 1 |
| May 2021 | 1 | 1 |
| Apr 2021 | 1 | 1 |
| Oct 2020 | 1 | 0 |
| Apr 2020 | 1 | 1 |
| Dec 2019 | 1 | 1 |
| Jun 2019 | 1 | 0 |
| Apr 2019 | 1 | 1 |
| Mar 2019 | 1 | 0 |
| Jan 2019 | 2 | 0 |
| Nov 2018 | 2 | 2 |
| Nov 2017 | 1 | 0 |
| Jun 2017 | 1 | 0 |
| Apr 2017 | 1 | 0 |
| Mar 2017 | 1 | 1 |
| Feb 2017 | 1 | 0 |
| Sep 2016 | 1 | 0 |
| Jul 2016 | 1 | 1 |
| May 2016 | 1 | 0 |
| Apr 2016 | 1 | 0 |
| Feb 2016 | 1 | 2 |
| Nov 2015 | 2 | 3 |
| Sep 2015 | 2 | 1 |
| Aug 2015 | 1 | 0 |
| Dec 2014 | 6 | 2 |
| Oct 2014 | 2 | 0 |
| Sep 2014 | 2 | 2 |
| Aug 2014 | 3 | 1 |
| Jul 2014 | 3 | 3 |
| May 2014 | 1 | 1 |
| Apr 2014 | 3 | 0 |
| Mar 2014 | 4 | 15 |
| Feb 2014 | 1 | 0 |
| Dec 2013 | 1 | 0 |
| Nov 2013 | 1 | 3 |
| Jul 2013 | 2 | 2 |
| Jun 2013 | 1 | 1 |
| May 2013 | 1 | 1 |
| Apr 2013 | 3 | 9 |
| Mar 2013 | 4 | 3 |
| Feb 2013 | 1 | 0 |
| Dec 2012 | 1 | 1 |
| Nov 2012 | 4 | 6 |
| Aug 2012 | 2 | 2 |
| Jul 2012 | 1 | 0 |
| Apr 2012 | 5 | 2 |
Events by type
Most affected provinces
Sources and further reading
- Al Jazeera as of 27 Dec 2025
- CNBC as of 27 Dec 2025
- The Star (Malaysia) as of 24 Jul 2026
- UNHCR Refugee Data Finder (API, end-2025) as of 31 Dec 2025
- ACLED aggregated data, up to week of 24 Oct 2026 as of 24 Oct 2026
- Al Jazeera as of 8 Dec 2025
- Vatican News as of 27 Dec 2025
- CSIS: The 2nd Cambodia-Thailand Ceasefire as of 2 Oct 2026