Armenia-Azerbaijan tensions
Azerbaijan's September 2023 offensive ended the Nagorno-Karabakh dispute and prompted nearly all ethnic Armenians there to leave. In August 2025 the two states initialed a U.S.-brokered peace agreement including a transit route through southern Armenia. There is no active fighting; signature hinges on Azerbaijan's demand that Armenia amend its constitution.
Conflict zones
Click a shape for details and sourcesZones, lines of contact and strike arcs are approximate and illustrative, drawn from public reporting. They are not authoritative; click a shape for its sources. Borders from Natural Earth, with Crimea shown as part of Ukraine in line with UN General Assembly resolution 68/262.
Key facts
Human cost
- 192 reportedKyiv Independent (Azerbaijani Defence Ministry figure) as of 26 Sep 2023Azerbaijani military deaths only, Sept 2023 offensive; Karabakh Armenian authorities separately reported at least 200 killed on their side
- 100,000 reportedCFR Global Conflict Tracker as of 1 Sep 2026Ethnic Armenians who fled Nagorno-Karabakh to Armenia in Sept-Oct 2023 ('over 100,000')
- 824,174 reportedUNHCR Refugee Data Finder (API, end-2025) as of 31 Dec 2025refugees, asylum-seekers, IDPs and others in need of protection from ARM, AZE; UNHCR end-2025
- reportedACLED aggregated data, up to week of 24 Oct 2026 as of 24 Oct 2026
Parties and actors
- Armenia State
- Azerbaijan State
Parties are listed factually by name and role. Inclusion does not imply any judgement.
Negotiations
Negotiations hub- Parties
- Armenia, Azerbaijan
- Mediators
- United States
- Last development
- 16 Jul 2026
Text initialed in Washington in August 2025 alongside the TRIPP corridor deal. Azerbaijan says final signature and ratification depend on Armenia removing constitutional references it views as territorial claims; Armenia plans a referendum.
CFR Global Conflict Tracker as of 1 Sep 2026Trend: events and reported fatalities by month
Show data table
| Month | Events | Fatalities |
|---|---|---|
| Oct 2026 | 1 | 0 |
| Sep 2026 | 5 | 0 |
| Aug 2026 | 5 | 0 |
| Jul 2026 | 2 | 0 |
| Jun 2026 | 1 | 0 |
| May 2026 | 1 | 0 |
| Apr 2026 | 3 | 1 |
| Mar 2026 | 5 | 1 |
| Feb 2026 | 3 | 0 |
| Jan 2026 | 2 | 0 |
| Dec 2025 | 1 | 0 |
| Nov 2025 | 4 | 0 |
| Oct 2025 | 2 | 1 |
| Aug 2025 | 4 | 1 |
| Jul 2025 | 2 | 0 |
| Jun 2025 | 19 | 0 |
| May 2025 | 23 | 0 |
| Apr 2025 | 56 | 1 |
| Mar 2025 | 46 | 0 |
| Feb 2025 | 2 | 0 |
| Jan 2025 | 4 | 5 |
| Dec 2024 | 1 | 0 |
| Nov 2024 | 1 | 0 |
| Oct 2024 | 1 | 0 |
| Sep 2024 | 4 | 0 |
| Aug 2024 | 11 | 0 |
| Jul 2024 | 4 | 0 |
| Jun 2024 | 12 | 1 |
| May 2024 | 3 | 1 |
| Apr 2024 | 29 | 0 |
| Mar 2024 | 24 | 0 |
| Feb 2024 | 11 | 4 |
| Jan 2024 | 1 | 0 |
| Dec 2023 | 5 | 1 |
| Nov 2023 | 2 | 0 |
| Oct 2023 | 3 | 1 |
| Sep 2023 | 171 | 553 |
| Aug 2023 | 100 | 4 |
| Jul 2023 | 78 | 0 |
| Jun 2023 | 136 | 4 |
| May 2023 | 59 | 4 |
| Apr 2023 | 44 | 16 |
| Mar 2023 | 71 | 10 |
| Feb 2023 | 17 | 0 |
| Jan 2023 | 2 | 1 |
| Dec 2022 | 28 | 1 |
| Nov 2022 | 93 | 0 |
| Oct 2022 | 67 | 2 |
| Sep 2022 | 133 | 258 |
| Aug 2022 | 21 | 0 |
| Jul 2022 | 44 | 4 |
| Jun 2022 | 13 | 1 |
| May 2022 | 24 | 2 |
| Apr 2022 | 15 | 1 |
| Mar 2022 | 48 | 4 |
| Feb 2022 | 24 | 0 |
| Jan 2022 | 21 | 5 |
| Dec 2021 | 21 | 5 |
| Nov 2021 | 36 | 17 |
| Oct 2021 | 15 | 2 |
Events by type
Most affected provinces
Sources and further reading
- Kyiv Independent (Azerbaijani Defence Ministry figure) as of 26 Sep 2023
- CFR Global Conflict Tracker as of 1 Sep 2026
- UNHCR Refugee Data Finder (API, end-2025) as of 31 Dec 2025
- ACLED aggregated data, up to week of 24 Oct 2026 as of 24 Oct 2026
- RFE/RL as of 8 Aug 2025
- Al Jazeera as of 8 Jun 2026
- Kyiv Independent as of 26 Sep 2023
- CFR Global Conflict Tracker: Tensions Between Armenia and Azerbaijan as of 2 Oct 2026
- RFE/RL: Armenia, Azerbaijan sign deal as of 2 Oct 2026